MS-DOS screen with commands running on black background

MS-DOS Kya Hai? Full Form, History, Commands Aur Examples in Hindi

MS-DOS Kya Hai?

Aaj hum sab colorful screens aur mouse clicks ke zamaney me jee rahe hain. Lekin kya aapko pata hai, ek aisa waqt tha jab sirf black screen hoti thi, aur sab kuch keyboard ke commands se chalta tha? Haan, hum baat kar rahe hain MS-DOS ki, ek aisa operating system jiska interface na keval simple tha, balki usme user ki typing skills hi sab kuch hoti thi.

Agar aap computer ke asli roots ko samajhna chahte hain, to MS-DOS ko samajhna bahut zaruri hai. Aaiye is article me detail me jaante hain MS-DOS kya hai, iska full form, history, kaise kaam karta hai, aur kaunse commands use hote hain.

MS-DOS Ka Full Form Kya Hai?

MS-DOS ka matlab hai Microsoft Disk Operating System.Ye ek command-line based single-user operating system hai jo Microsoft ne develop kiya tha. Yahaan graphical icons nahi hote sirf aapka keyboard aur ek blinking cursor hota hai.

MS-DOS Ka Itihaas (History of MS-DOS) – Ek Dilchasp Kahani

Aaj hum MS-DOS ko Microsoft ka banaya hua operating system ke roop me jaante hain, lekin iski kahani Microsoft se shuru nahi hoti. MS-DOS ka asli janm hua tha ek chhoti si company Seattle Computer Products (SCP) ke paas, jahan iska original naam tha 86-DOS.

Pehle Iska Naam Kya Tha?

Is operating system ka pehla naam tha QDOS, jiska full form tha Quick and Dirty Operating System.

Yeh naam hi batata hai ki yeh OS jaldi me banaya gaya tha ek turant kaam chalau solution ke roop me. Isse develop kiya tha ek talented programmer Tim Paterson ne, jo SCP me kaam karta tha.

Microsoft Ne QDOS Ko Kaise Kharida?

1980 ke aas-paas IBM apna pehla personal computer launch karne ki planning kar raha tha. Unhe ek reliable operating system chahiye tha. Pehle wo Digital Research ke CP/M OS ke paas gaye, lekin deal finalize nahi ho paayi.

Tab Microsoft ne IBM se kaha ki “hum aapko OS denge”, lekin us waqt unke paas khud ka OS nahi tha

Fir Microsoft ne jaldi me SCP se QDOS ka license le liya — $75,000 me aur isme kuch improvements karke uska naam rakha MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System).

Important Timeline
Year	Event
1980	Tim Paterson ne QDOS banaya (Quick and Dirty OS)
1981	Microsoft ne QDOS kharida, naam rakha MS-DOS
1981	IBM PC ke saath MS-DOS 1.0 launch hua
1983	MS-DOS 2.0 aaya with directory support
1990s	Windows ne GUI ke saath DOS ka use kiya as base
2000 ke baad	MS-DOS ka use sirf special system tasks ke liye hone laga

MS-DOS Kaise Kaam Karta Hai?

MS-DOS ek command-driven system hai. Isme aapko har kaam jaise file banana, folder delete karna, ya system format karna type karke karna padta hai. Isme na koi mouse hota hai, na icons sirf aap aur ek command prompt.

Working Process:

Jab computer boot hota hai, MS-DOS load hota hai.
Screen par aapko prompt dikhta hai, jaise C:\>.
Aap koi command likhte hain, jaise DIR, COPY, FORMAT etc.
DOS command ko samajh kar uska result dikhata hai.

Windows (GUI OS) Me MS-DOS Kaise Open Karein?

Agar aapke paas Windows 7, 8, 10, ya 11 hai, to bhi aap MS-DOS jaise interface ka use kar sakte ho, jise Command Prompt (CMD) kehte hain.

Steps to Open:

Step 1: Start Menu me jayein
Step 2: Search karein CMD ya "Command Prompt"
Step 3: Click karte hi black screen khul jaayegi — wahi aapka MS-DOS jaisa prompt hai

Shortcut Tip: Windows + R dabakar cmd likhiye, enter dabaiye – turant open ho jayega.

MS-DOS Commands Kitne Type Ke Hote Hain?

MS-DOS me commands do prakar ke hote hain — Internal aur External.

1. Internal Commands

Ye commands DOS ke core part me stored hote hain. Inke liye koi alag file ki jarurat nahi padti.

Drive Select Karne Ka Command

MS-DOS me jab aapko kisi aur drive me switch karna hota hai jaise C: se D: ya E: drive me - to aap D: command ka use karte hain. Matlab, D: ka matlab hai ki aap D drive (agar available hai) me enter karna chahte hain.

D: and press Enter

Example:

C:\>D:

D:\>

MD – Make Directory

MD ka full form hai Make Directory. Jab aap MS-DOS me ek naya folder (directory) banana chahte hain to MD command ka use karte hain.

Syntax:

MD <Directory Name>

Example:

D:\>MD shiva

CD – Change Directory

CD ka matlab hai Change Directory. Jab aap kisi folder ke andar jaana chahte hain to CD command use karte hain. Ab aap shiva folder ke andar kaam kar sakte hain.

Syntax:

CD <Directory Name>

Example:

D:\>CD shiva

D:\shiva>

CD.. Ek Step Piche Jaana

yaani ki Ye aapko parent directory me le jata hai. Matlab CD.. ka use hota hai current folder ke ek level upar jaane ke liye.

Syntax:

CD..

Example:

D:\shiva>CD..

D:\>

DIR – Directory List Dikhana

DIR ka use kisi folder me jo bhi files aur folders hain, unhe dikhane ke liye hota hai. Iska output folder ke andar ki list hoti hai, filenames, sizes, aur dates ke saath.

Syntax:

DIR

Example:

D:\shiva>DIR

RD – Remove Directory

RD ka matlab hai Remove Directory. Ye command kisi empty folder ko delete karne ke kaam aati hai. Dhyan rahe ki folder empty hona chahiye. Warna error show karega. Aur recent/active nehi hona chahiye.

Syntax:

RD <Directory Name>

Example:

D:\>RD shiva

Flow Chat – Directory Create → Change → Delete

D:\>MD shiva → Folder bana

D:\>CD shiva → Folder ke andar gaye

D:\shiva>CD.. → Wapas bahar aaye

D:\>RD shiva → Folder delete kiya

Rules of File Naming in MS-DOS

MS-DOS me koi bhi file ka naam dete waqt kuch basic rules hote hain jo har user ko follow karne padte hain. MS-DOS ka file system FAT (File Allocation Table) par based hota hai, jismein file naming ka ek 8.3 format rule hota hai. Primary part maximum 8 characters ka ho sakta hai. Extension part maximum 3 characters ka ho sakta hai. File name me space, special characters (jaise \ / : * ? " < > |) allowed nahi hote. File name case-insensitive hota hai. (MATLAB: OMM.txt aur omm.txt same mana jayega)

File Name do part me divide hota hai:

Primary Name (Main Part)
Extension (Type of File)

In dono parts ke beech me ek dot (.) lagta hai, jise separator kehte hain.

Example se samjhte hain:

Maan lijiye ek file ka naam hai omm.txt

omm = Primary Part (File ka naam)
txt = Extension Part (yeh batata hai ki file kis type ki hai)

File Name	Primary Part	Extension	File Type
omm.txt	omm	txt	Text File
omm.docx	omm	docx	Word Document
omm.pdf	omm	pdf	PDF Document
omm.rtf	omm	rtf	Rich Text Format

Ab samjhte hain MS-DOS me file kaise banate hain…

COPY CON Command

COPY CON ka matlab hota hai — Copy Console. Is command ka use MS-DOS me ek nayi file create karne ke liye kiya jata hai, jisme aap directly keyboard se content type kar sakte hain. Ise aap tabhi use karna hai Jab aapko ek simple text file banana ho bina kisi external software ke.

Syntax:

COPY CON <FileName.Extension>

Uske baad jo bhi content aap likhenge, woh file me store ho jayega.

Content likhne ke baad file ko save karne ke liye Ctrl + Z dabakar Enter press karna hota hai.

D:\>COPY CON omm.txt

Hello, this is my first file.

1 file(s) copied.

TYPE Command (File ka content dekhne ke liye)

TYPE command ka use MS-DOS me kisi bhi text file ka content screen par display karne ke liye kiya jata hai. Iska matlab ye hua ki agar aapne koi file banayi hai aur usme kya likha hai wo dekhna chahte hain bina usse edit kiye, to TYPE command ka use kijiye.

Syntax:

TYPE <FileName.Extension>

D:\>TYPE omm.txt

Hello, this is my first file.

Yahaan omm.txt file ka pura content screen par display ho gaya.

REN Command (File ka naam badalne ke liye)

REN ya RENAME command ka use kisi bhi existing file ka naam badalne ke liye hota hai. Aapka file content same rahega, sirf uska naam change ho jayega.

Syntax:

REN <OldFileName.Extension> <NewFileName.Extension>

Example:

C:\>REN omm.txt raj.txt

Yahaan omm.txt file ka naam ab raj.txt ho gaya hai.

DEL Command (File ko delete karne ke liye)

DEL command ka use MS-DOS me kisi bhi file ko permanently delete karne ke liye hota hai. Once deleted, usse recycle bin me recover nahi kiya ja sakta.

Syntax:

DEL <FileName.Extension>

Example:

C:\>DEL raj.txt

Yahaan raj.txt file ab delete ho chuki hai.

Agar aap DEL *.* likh dete hain to us directory ke sabhi files delete ho jate hain. Bahut dhyan se use karein!

Flowchart: MS-DOS Me File Create, Display, Rename Aur Delete Karne Ka Process

[Start]

↓

[Use COPY CON to create file]

↓

[Press Ctrl + Z to save]

↓

[Use TYPE to view file content]

↓

[Use REN to rename file]

↓

[Use DEL to delete file]

↓

[End]

2. External Commands

Ye alag executable files (.COM, .EXE) ke roop me hote hain. Inke bina command kaam nahi karegi.

Command	Kaam	Syntax	Example
FORMAT	Drive format karta hai	FORMAT drive:	FORMAT A:
CHKDSK	Disk error check karta hai	CHKDSK C:	-
DISKCOPY	Puri disk copy karta hai	DISKCOPY A: B:	-
TREE	Directory tree show karta hai	TREE	-
XCOPY	Multiple files/folders copy karta hai	XCOPY src dest	XCOPY C:\DOCS D:\BACKUP

MS-DOS Ki Kuch Zaruri Commands

Command	Description
VER	DOS ka version batata hai
DATE	Aaj ki date batata hai
TIME	Samay batata hai

MS-DOS Ke Fayde (Advantages)

Lightweight OS – kam memory me chal jata hai
Fast Execution – commands turant execute hoti hain
Bootable Environment ke liye perfect hai
Virus scanning tools DOS environment me kaam karte hain
Aaj bhi BIOS update, disk formatting me use hota hai

MS-DOS Ke Nuksan (Limitations)

GUI (Graphical User Interface) nahi hoti
Multi-tasking support nahi
User-friendly nahi hai
Hardware support limited hai
Modern software MS-DOS pe nahi chalte

MS-DOS Commands MCQ Quiz

MD command ka kya use hai?
File delete karne ke liye
Directory banane ke liye
Directory rename karne ke liye
File dekhne ke liye

CD command ka use kya hota hai?
Current directory ko delete karne ke liye
Directory change karne ke liye
File copy karne ke liye
File create karne ke liye

CD.. command kis kaam aata hai?
Same directory me rehne ke liye
Ek level upar jaane ke liye
Ek file kholne ke liye
Directory rename karne ke liye

DIR command kisliye hota hai?
Directory banane ke liye
Files aur folders list dekhne ke liye
Directory rename karne ke liye
File delete karne ke liye

RD command ka kya kaam hai?
Directory create karne ke liye
File rename karne ke liye
Directory delete karne ke liye
File dekhne ke liye

COPY CON command se kya hota hai?
Directory rename hoti hai
Ek nayi file banai ja sakti hai
Directory delete hoti hai
System format hota hai

TYPE command ka upyog kya hai?
File create karne ke liye
File delete karne ke liye
File ka content dekhne ke liye
Directory banane ke liye

REN command se kya hota hai?
Directory delete hoti hai
File rename hoti hai
Directory rename hoti hai
File copy hoti hai

DEL command ka kya kaam hai?
File delete karne ke liye
Directory banane ke liye
Directory rename karne ke liye
File open karne ke liye

MS-DOS bhale hi aaj ke time me purana lagta ho, lekin ye computer ke evolution ka ek important hissa hai. Isne hume bataya ki bina mouse aur fancy graphics ke bhi computers powerful ho sakte hain. Agar aap computer ke asli foundations ko samajhna chahte hain, to MS-DOS seekhna ek smart move hai.

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Shreema Computer