Operating System Kya Hai? Types, Functions aur Examples – Aasaan Bhasha Mein Samjhein

Operating System Kya Hai? 

Jab bhi aap apna computer, laptop ya mobile phone on karte hain, sabse pehle jo software chalta hai use hi Operating System (OS) kaha jaata hai. Ye ek system software hota hai jo user (aap) aur machine (hardware) ke beech ek bridge ya connection banata hai.

Sochiye agar aapke computer ka hardware (CPU, RAM, Hard Disk, Mouse, Keyboard) ek factory hai, to Operating System us factory ka manager hai. Ye manager ensure karta hai ki har machine sahi samay pe kaam kare aur kisi bhi tarah ka confusion na ho.

Agar OS na ho, to aap apne computer se baat hi nahi kar sakte. Aap jab koi application open karte hain jaise Chrome, MS Word, ya WhatsApp (mobile me), to wo OS ke through hi kaam karta hai. Operating System hi ensure karta hai ki aapke inputs (keyboard/mouse) sahi jagah jayein, files save ho, apps load ho, aur background me sab kuch smooth chale.

Operating System ke bina kya hota?

Sochiye ki aap ek computer use karna chahte hain lekin koi guide, menu ya button hi nahi hai — sab kuch black screen! OS hi wo system hai jo har kaam ko organize karta hai, screen pe cheezein dikhata hai, aur user-friendly environment provide karta hai.

Operating System ek invisible helper hai jo aapke computer ya mobile ko chalane me madad karta hai. Agar hardware computer ka body hai to OS uska brain ya soul hai  jo har part ko sahi se kaam karne deta hai. Iske bina computer sirf ek dabba hota hai.

Operating System Kaise Kaam Karta Hai?

Jab aap apne computer ya mobile ko ON karte hain, sabse pehle jo software load hota hai use Operating System (OS) kehte hain. Ab sawal hai  ye kaam kaise karta hai? Aaiye step by step samajhte hain.

1. Booting Process Se Start Hota Hai

Computer start hote hi pehle BIOS ya firmware load hota hai, jo Operating System ko memory me load karta hai. Is process ko booting kehte hain. Ye OS ke har part ko RAM me laata hai taaki wo jaldi access ho sake.

2. User Interface Provide Karna

Jab OS load ho jata hai, wo ek interface (jaise ki Windows desktop ya Android home screen) dikhata hai. Ye interface hi aapko computer ya mobile se interact karne ka tareeka deta hai. Yahan se aap apps open kar sakte hain, files access kar sakte hain, settings change kar sakte hain  sab kuch graphical ya command ke through.

3. Resource Management

Operating System ke paas ek core responsibility hoti hai  system ke saare resources ko manage karna, jaise:

• CPU time – Kaunsi app kab run karegi
• RAM – Kaunse program ko kitni memory milegi
• Disk Space – File kaha store hogi
• Input/Output Devices – Keyboard, Mouse, Printer, etc. ka control

OS ensure karta hai ki sab kuch efficient aur safe tarike se ho.

4. Multitasking Ka Management

Aaj ke modern OS ek time me kai tasks handle karte hain  isse multitasking kehte hain. Jaise ki:

• Aap music sun rahe hain
• Background me file download ho rahi hai
• Word document me kaam kar rahe hain

Operating System har task ko CPU ke andar Chhota chhota samay deta hai jisse aapko lagta hai sab ek saath chal raha hai.

5. Security Aur Error Handling

OS aapke system ko unauthorized access se bachata hai (jaise password system). Agar koi error ya crash ho jaye to OS hi error detect karke system ko restart karta hai ya warning deta hai.

Operating System ke Pramukh Kaam (Functions of OS)

Operating System sirf ek software nahi, balki computer ka dil dimaag hota hai. Ye akele hi computer ke hardware, software, aur user ke beech connection banaye rakhta hai. Aaiye jaante hain OS ke main functions yaani pramukh kaam ek ek karke:

Memory Management (Yaadashth ka Management)

Operating System decide karta hai ki kaunsa program kitni RAM use karega. Jab aap ek app open karte ho, to OS uske liye memory allocate karta hai. Jab app close kar dete ho, to wo memory free kar deta hai. Ye process fast aur smooth functioning ke liye bahut important hoti hai.

Example: Jab aap Google Chrome aur MS Word ek saath open karte hain, to OS un dono ko alag alag memory assign karta hai.

Process Management

Jab bhi koi program run hota hai, usse ek process kaha jata hai. OS in processes ko manage karta hai kaunse process ko CPU milega, kab milega, aur kitne time tak milega.

Example: Jab aap video dekh rahe hote hain aur background me download chal raha hota hai, to OS dono process ko balance karta hai.

File Management

Operating System aapke files aur folders ko organize karta hai. Ye decide karta hai ki files ko kaha store kiya jaye, kaun access kar sakta hai, aur unka backup kaise ho.

Example: Jab aap kisi file ko Save As karte hain aur location choose karte hain (Desktop, D Drive etc.), to OS hi ye kaam karta hai.

Device Management

OS har input output device jaise keyboard, mouse, printer, scanner ko control karta hai. Har device ke liye ek special driver hota hai, jisse OS communicate karta hai.

Example: Jab aap pen drive lagate hain, to OS turant usse detect karta hai aur explore karne ka option deta hai.

Security Management

Operating System aapke data ko unauthorized access se protect karta hai. Password system, user permissions, firewall sab OS ka hi part hain.

Example: Jab aap computer start karte ho aur password maangta hai, ya kisi file pe lock lagate ho ye sab OS ke security function ke kaaran hota hai.

Operating System ke Pramukh Prakar (Types of OS)

Operating System kai prakar ke hote hain, unhe unke kaam karne ke tareeke aur user se interact karne ke interface ke hisaab se divide kiya jata hai.

Chaliye pehle samajhte hain OS ke pramukh types unke functional features ke aadhar par:

A. Functionality Ke Aadhar Par OS ke Pramukh Prakar:

Batch Operating System

Ye sabse pehla OS tha jo computer ke shuruati daur me use hota tha. Isme users directly computer se interact nahi karte the, balki batch me instructions de kar kaam karwaya jata tha. Pehle se likhi gayi jobs ko ek sath input diya jata tha, aur output milne ke liye wait karna padta tha.

Example: 1950s–60s ke computers jahan punch cards ke through jobs submit hoti thi.

Time-Sharing Operating System

Is system me CPU ka samay har user ko thoda-thoda milta hai. Isse multiple users ek hi system ko same time par use kar sakte hain, bina delay ke. Isse multitasking bhi possible hoti hai.

Example: UNIX operating system.

Distributed Operating System

Is OS me multiple computers connected hote hain via network, aur ek hi kaam ko milke complete karte hain. User ko lagta hai ki wo ek hi system use kar raha hai, lekin kaam alag-alag machines me distribute hota hai.

Example: LOCUS, Amoeba.

Network Operating System

Ye OS mainly un computers ke liye hota hai jo ek network me connected hote hain. Iska main kaam hota hai file sharing, printer access, user management across a network.

Example: Novell NetWare, Microsoft Windows Server.

Real-Time Operating System (RTOS)

RTOS ka response time bahut fast hota hai. Iska use un systems me hota hai jahan decision turant lena hota hai — jaise missile system, robotics, medical systems.

Example: VxWorks, RTLinux.

Mobile Operating System

Ye OS specially mobile phones ke liye design kiye jaate hain. Inme touch interface, battery management, and app environment optimized hota hai.

Example: Android, iOS, KaiOS (feature phones me).

B. User Interface ke Aadhar Par OS ke Prakar:

Ab chaliye samajhte hain Operating System ke interface types, yaani user OS ke saath kaise interact karta hai:

 1. CUI (Character User Interface)

Is interface me user ko keyboard se command type karni padti hai. Graphical icons nahi hote.

Example: MS-DOS, Unix
Use Case: Developers aur system administrators ke liye jyada control.

2. GUI (Graphical User Interface)

Yahaan user mouse ya touch se interact karta hai. Icons, windows, buttons ka use hota hai. Easy to use hota hai.

Example: Windows, macOS, Ubuntu
Use Case: Common users, office work, education.

Har OS ka apna role hota hai. Aaj ke samay me GUI OS jyada popular hai general users ke beech, lekin CUI OS bhi technical logon ke liye powerful tool hai.

Popular Operating Systems ke Examples

Aaj ke samay mein kai tarah ke operating systems use kiye ja rahe hain, alag alag devices aur users ke need ke hisaab se. Chliye dekhte hain kuch most popular OS jo different fields me widely use hote hain:

 1. Microsoft Windows

• Developer: Microsoft
• Interface: GUI
• Use: School, college, office, home sab jagah sabse jyada use hone wala OS.
• Popular Versions: Windows 10, Windows 11
• Devices: Desktop, Laptop

 2. macOS

• Developer: Apple Inc.
• Interface: GUI
• Use: Mainly graphic designers, video editors, aur Apple device users ke liye.
• Popular Versions: macOS Ventura, macOS Monterey
• Devices: Apple MacBook, iMac

 3. Linux

• Developer: Community-based (Open Source)
• Interface: CUI + GUI (depends on distro)
• Use: Programming, servers, cyber security, ethical hacking, etc.
• Popular Distros: Ubuntu, Fedora, Kali Linux
• Devices: Desktop, Server, Raspberry Pi

 4. Android

• Developer: Google
• Interface: GUI
• Use: Sabhi smartphones aur tablets me sabse jyada popular OS.
• Popular Versions: Android 12, Android 13
• Devices: Samsung, Vivo, Oppo, Xiaomi, OnePlus

5. iOS

• Developer: Apple Inc.
• Interface: GUI
• Use: iPhones aur iPads me use hota hai. Secure aur smooth performance ke liye famous hai.
• Popular Versions: iOS 16, iOS 17
• Devices: iPhone, iPad

6. Chrome OS

• Developer: Google
• Interface: GUI
• Use: Lightweight OS mainly for web browsing aur cloud-based kaam ke liye.
• Popular In: Schools and online learning
• Devices: Chromebook laptops

Operating System aur Software ke Beech Antar

Bahut logon ke man mein yeh confusion hota hai ki Operating System bhi ek software hi hota hai, to fir normal software (jaise MS Word, VLC Player) aur OS me kya difference hai? Chaliye is confusion ko aasaan bhaasha mein samjhte hain

Operating System ek system software hota hai jo computer ko chalata hai, jabki baaki apps (software) user ke kaam ke liye banaye jaate hain jaise typing, video dekhna, games khelna.

Point	Operating System (OS)	Application Software
Definition	Ye system software hai jo computer ka control center hota hai	Ye programs hote hain jo specific task ke liye use hote hain
Purpose	Computer ko chalane ke liye zaroori hai	User ke personal kaam ke liye hota hai
Examples	Windows, Linux, Android, macOS	MS Word, Chrome, VLC, Photoshop
Installed First?	Sabse pehle OS install hota hai	OS ke baad install kiya jata hai
Access to Hardware	Direct hardware access hota hai	Hardware access OS ke through hota hai
Control	Pura system control karta hai	Sirf specific kaam karta hai

Test Your Knowledge – Operating System (OS)

1. Operating System ka main kaam kya hota hai?

Web hosting karna
Internet speed badhana
Hardware aur software ke beech samanjhasya banana
Video edit karna

2. Windows, Linux aur macOS kis category me aate hain?

Application Software
Programming Language
Operating System
Anti-virus

3. CUI ka full form kya hai?

Computer User Interface
Command User Interface
Common Utility Interface
Central User Interface

4. Kaunsa OS graphical user interface (GUI) par based hai?

MS-DOS
Linux (Command Mode)
Windows 10
Bash

5. Real-Time Operating System ka use zyada kahan hota hai?

Smart TVs
Web Browser
Missile Control System
Word Processor

6. Operating System kis type ka software hota hai?

System Software
Utility Software
Application Software
Web Software

7. Linux ek example hai...

Application Software
Web Browser
Operating System
Anti-virus

8. Embedded Operating System ka use hota hai:

Smart watches me
Photoshop software me
Facebook app me
MS Word me

9. Operating system kaunsa resource manage karta hai?

Only RAM
CPU, Memory, I/O Devices
Only Hard Disk
Internet Data

10. GUI based OS me user kya use karta hai?

Command
Text Only
Icons aur Mouse
None of these

Agar aapko yeh post Operating System kya hai aur uske pramukh prakar samajhne mein helpful laga ho, to please comment karke zaroor batayein. Aapke doubts ya suggestions hume aur behtar content banane mein madad karte hain aur Share karna na bhoolein apne doston ke saath  jo Computer seekh rahe hain ya exams ki tayari kar rahe hain.